Papers Measuring Google Intentional Bias
Artificial bias has been found to be intentionally introduced by the Google team in addition to the natural bias caused by the media dominance of the Left and the influence foreign political entity websites.
Leo Goldstein, Google’s search bias against conservative news sites has been quantified (Sep 2017) – my latest paper. The full title is A Method of Google Search Bias Quantification and Its Applications in Climate Debate and General Political Discourse.
Leo Goldstein, Caught Red-Handed: Google Search Suppresses Climate Realism (Jul 2017) – Shows intentional bias in the climate debate using publicly available Google Search Quality Evaluation General Guidelines
Matt Bentley / CanIRank.com, Google bias in search results; 40% lean left or liberal (Nov 2016) – Uses a rigorous methodology different from mine and arrives to the conclusions in the title, and other interesting results. Covered in many online publications, including Newsmax, WSJ, Powerline Blog.
Papers Measuring Google Bias from All Causes
Robert Epstein et al, A Method for Detecting Bias in Search Rankings, with Evidence of Systematic Bias Related to the 2016 Presidential Election – This study concludes that Google Search bias had shifted up to 3 million votes to Hillary. Covered broadly, including in Breitbart and even Washington Post. (“Google dismissed Epstein’s research as ‘nothing more than a poorly constructed conspiracy theory”)
Slate, Why Google Search Results Favor Democrats (Dec 2015) – This article reports a study performed in collaboration with the New America, a Google-funded and Google’s Eric Schmidt-chaired “no think tank,” which recently fired an employee for criticizing Google. The subtitle “It’s not because the company is biased—it’s more complicated” is a plausible, but incorrect explanation. In the light of my papers, Matt Bentley study, and the growing body of the anecdotal evidence, the explanation should be It is complicated, but Google is very biased.
Anecdotal Evidence of Intentionally Rigging Ranking
Allum Bokhari, Breitbart: Former Google Employee: ‘There Are Efforts to Demote Anything Non-PC from Search Results’ (Aug 2017)
There is a lot of valid anecdotal evidence elsewhere, so I don’t include more of it here.
Miscellaneous Allegations
Factually unsupported allegations of various Google biases are widespread. Unlike them, the cited research is evidence based and appears valid.